The ethical actions are important because of the priority of the mission goal and their close relationship with social progress and development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identification and social analysis of these types of actions among the verses of revelation and it deals with the effect of ethical actions in the production of social capital in the process of progress based on religious teachings and answers these questions based on the Quranic teachings. What impact do ethical actions (behavior) have on the formation of social progress? How do moral actions generate social capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are the effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in the development of social interactions have been socially studied, analyzed and searched by using the inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving others, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with social supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togetherness, coherence and expansion of social interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes the production of social capital and its improvement and will lead to the density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

زمینه و هدف: هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی مقایسه ای استحکام برشی باند کامپوزیت به عاج دندان انسان با استفاده از سه نوع سیستم باندینگ در محیط آزمایشگاهی است.روش بررسی: سطح تاج 66 دندان مولرسوم تا اکسپوز شدن عاج در محیط مرطوب با تریمر ساییده شد و با کاغذ سمباده سیلیکون کارباید 600 و 400 گریت در زیر جریان آب، پرداخت شد. نمونه ها به 3 گروه 22 تایی تقسیم شدند و سپس با توجه به دستورالعمل کارخانه سازنده هر نوع سیستم باندینگ سطح دندان ها آماده سازی شد (گروه اول Single Bond ساخت شرکت M ESPE3، گروه دوم BC Plus ساخت شرکت Dentkist و گروه سوم CharmBond ساخت شرکتVericom ) سپس، رادهای کامپوزیتی روی سطح دندان ها چسبانده شد. استحکام باند برشی توسط دستگاه اندازه گیری استحکام باند LMT100 ارزیابی شد.یافته ها: یافته ها توسط آنالیز ANOVA و TUKEY ارزیابی شدند. آنالیز واریانس با 05/0P<، نشان داد که میانگین استحکام باند گروه ها با یکدیگر تفاوت معناداری دارد.مقایسه چند تایی گروه ها توسط آنالیز TUKEY نشان داد که بین گروه اول 1 با گروه های دوم و سوم اختلاف معناداری وجود دارد، اما بین گروه دوم و سوم اختلاف معناداری وجود ندارد.نتیجه گیری: بیشترین استحکام باند برشی به عاج، مربوط به سیستم Single Bond بود و به این خاطر نسبت به دو سیستم باندینگ دیگر، یعنی سیستم BC Plus و Charm Bond ارجحیت دارد.

This paper examines the liberal society that Popper lauds, that aims to be truly open, and discusses why another, more communitarian kind of society, particularly societies in Africa, may also reflect the quest for intellectual openness that is Popper’s ideal. Moreover, this paper avers reasons why Popper should be comfortable with such a liberal-communitarian mix. The inter-subjectivity in his critical rationalism is a balance of an explicit individualism, and an implicit social element (Afisi, 2016a). Popper is indeed an author of such a balance. For a society to be truly open requires the careful recognition and protection of individual freedom. However, the extent to which individuals are free to perform actions that they desire without external constraints, and the level of their individuality in relation to others when performing such actions, remain a contentious issue between liberals and more communitarian thinkers. Popper’s critical rationalism provides the necessary impetus to this contention through his view of freedom that I contend can best be viewed as carefully balanced, a view which combines individuality with a social element that upholds community values necessary for openness of society. With this combination, Popper’s politics of liberalism provides an effective model of how a truly open society can be achieved. The values inherent to Popper’s liberalism including those concerning intellectual openness, individual freedom, mutual respect, measured self-respect, welfarism, humanitarianism, accountability, critical debates and feedback from the citizens, together concern the conditions for a society to be truly open. There are many competing thoughts as to what openness might be in Popper’s philosophy. The present study of Popper does not presume to address them all. The focus here is specifically on using Popper’s idea of critical rationalism to balance relations between liberal politics of individual rights and freedom, and communitarian politics of the common good, as it relates to situations about how socio-economic and political conditions in Africa societies should be structured. While I contend that Popper’s works in political philosophy focused centrally on Western political tradition, and not about Africa in its strict sense, significant lessons can be distilled from Popper that can offer suggestions on social reforms in Africa. This paper explores Popper’s project of the open society across the plurality and differences of societies, so that his liberal ideas of individual freedom are not undermined, and the progress of the communitarian idea of the common good, that Africa societies are built upon, is also well enhanced. Liberal individualism and community values inherent to communitarianism are both well accommodated within Popper’s critical rationalism.

هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر ورزش بر بزهکاری نوجوانان می باشد. روش پژوهش، پیمایشی بوده است و 384 دانش آموز سال سوم دبیرستان های شهر ساری که در سال تحصیلی 86-85 مشغول به تحصیل بوده اند، به طور خود اجرا به پرسشنامه پاسخ داده اند. برای تبیین رابطه ورزش و بزهکاری از دو نظریه پیوند اجتماعی هیرشی و همچنین نظریه عزت نفس استفاده شده است. متغیرهای ملاک تحقیق که در پی تبیین متغیر پیش بین یعنی بزهکاری بوده اند، عبارت است از مشغولیت ورزشی، تعهد تحصیلی، دلبستگی، باور و عزت نفس. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیونی چند متغیره حاکی از آن است که متغیرهای دلبستگی، باور و عزت نفس رابطه معکوس و معناداری با بزهکاری داشته اند. در حالی که با افزایش مشغولیت ورزشی، بزهکاری افزایش و با کاهش آن، کاهش نشان داده است. بین تعهد تحصیلی و بزهکاری نیز رابطه معناداری مشاهده نشده است. همچنین مقایسه ورزش های تیمی و انفرادی بیانگر این است که ورزش های تیمی و بزهکاری رابطه معناداری با یکدیگر نداشته اند، حال آن که با مشغولیت هر چه بیشتر در ورزش های انفرادی، بزهکاری افزایش نشان داده است.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family and the unique opportunity for working children, and Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization and social support of working children, Anonymity of working children and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability distribution functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on distributions. A lot of works apply the distribution of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the distribution of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data distribution and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.